The evolution of life marks the end of a physics world view of law entailed dynamics. We discuss the notions of causation and of enablement.
Abstract
Biological evolution is a complex blend of ever changing structural stability, variability and emergence of new phe- notypes, niches, ecosystems. We wish to argue that the evo- lution of life marks the end of a physics world view of law entailed dynamics. Our considerations depend upon dis- cussing the variability of the very ”contexts of life”: the in- teractions between organisms, biological niches and ecosys- tems. These are ever changing, intrinsically indeterminate and even unprestatable: we do not know ahead of time the ”niches” which constitute the boundary conditions on selec- tion. More generally, by the mathematical unprestatability of the ”phase space” (space of possibilities), no laws of mo- tion can be formulated for evolution. We call this radical emergence, from life to life. The purpose of this paper is the integration of variation and diversity in a sound concep- tual frame and situate unpredictability at a novel theoretical level, that of the very phase space. Our argument will be carried on in close comparisons with physics and the mathematical constructions of phase spaces in that discipline. The role of (theoretical) symmetries as invariant preserving transformations will allow us to under- stand the nature of physical phase spaces and to stress the differences required for a sound biological theoretizing. In this frame, we discuss the novel notion of ”enablement”. Life lives in a web of enablement and radical emergence. This will restrict causal analyses to differential cases (a difference that causes a difference). Mutations or other causal differ- ences will allow us to stress that ”non conservation princi- ples” are at the core of evolution, in contrast to physical dynamics, largely based on conservation principles as sym- metries. Critical transitions, the main locus of symmetry changes in physics, will be discussed, and lead to ”extended criticality” as a conceptual frame for a better understanding of the living state of matter.
Nous distinguons les rythmes de type physique de ceux proprement biologiques. Nous abordons aussi les activités protensives et rétensives du vivant.
Abstract
Le vivant possède une phénoménalité particulière et originale. Comme cadre et siège de cette phénoménalité, l’organisation temporelle des organismes est elle-même d’une grande richesse. Ainsi, l’on rencontre dans l’activité biologique des cas de cyclicité : cycle cardiaque, cycle respiratoire, rythmes cérébraux, cycles circadiens, cycle de vie, etc. ; et d’autre part il s’y présente, parfois même au sein de ces cycles, des phénomènes dont la nature semble plutôt être caractérisée par une irréversibilité fondamentale : cognition, nutrition, développement, vieillissement, évolution, ...Il nous semble dès lors impératif, pour aborder théoriquement — et donc aussi empiriquement — ces phénomènes, de les considérer dans un cadre où la question de la temporalité soit abordée de manière adéquate.
We revisit the analysis of anti-entropy. In particular, we analyze how randomness stemming from variability leads to the growth of biological organization.
Abstract
In this text, we revisit part of the analysis of anti-entropy in [4] and develop further theoretical reflections. In particular, we analyze how randomness, an essential component of biological variability, is associated to the growth of biological organization, both in ontogenesis and in evolution. This approach, in particular, focuses on the role of global entropy production and provides a tool for a mathematical understanding of some fundamental observations by Gould on the increasing phenotypic complexity along evolution. Lastly, we analyze the situation in terms of theoretical symmetries, in order to further specify the biological meaning of anti-entropy as well as its strong link with randomness.
